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This is your Finals test for Course 152 - to be
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and processed tuition.
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1.
Humans
are born with the proper S-shaped spinal posture
and typically keep that posture through life.
2.
Borelli
found that when the stevedore lifted the weight
on his shoulders that the amount of force required
lifting the weight was a lot less than the weight
lifted.
3.
Borelli
wrote that Galen thought that because the muscle
and its tendon worked on a joint like a typical
lever that it took small amount of forces to
move large weights. Borelli agreed with Galen’s
assessment of the spinal levers when he performed
his study of the stevedore.
4.
The
riddle of the sphinx from Greek mythology addresses
which of the following?
A. Weight Training
B. Nutrition
C. Psychology
D. Human Posture
5.
The
leverage formula for what is known as the equilibrium
of rotation (torque) was developed by.
A. Socrates
B. Hippocrates
C. Archimedes
D. Leonardo da Vinci
6.
The
first person to describe the S-shaped spine
with its curvatures and proper amount of vertebrae
was:
A. Socrates
B. Hippocrates
C. Archimedes
D. Leonardo da Vinci
7.
The
effective lever arm, discovered by Benedetti,
is the following:
A. The point on the fixed lever arm that the
force of effort is attached
B. The direction in which the force of effort
or resistance is applied
C. The perpendicular distance from the line
of action, of the either the force of effort
or resistance, back to the fulcrum.
D. The distance from the attachment of the force
of resistance back to the fulcrum.
8.
Which
of the following is correct formula for equilibrium
of rotation (torque):
A. Amount of resistance force x length of fixed
resistance arm = amount of effort force x length
of fixed effort arm.
B. Amount of resistance force x fixed resistance
force = amount of effort force x fixed effort
force.
C. Amount of resistance force x length of effective
resistance arm = amount of effort force x length
of effective effort arm.
D. Amount of resistance force x length of resistance
arm = amount of effort force x length of effort
arm.
9.
In
determining how much force a muscle must produce
to put a resistance force in equilibrium which
of the following is true?
A. The amount of muscle force is equal to the
amount resistance force.
B. You must know the length of the effective
effort arm of the muscle to solve for the answer.
C. The muscle force (force of effort) is equal
to the fixed effort arm length.
D. The force of effort is always less then the
force of resistance
10.
The
force of resistance and the force of effort
create combined force at the fulcrum called
the:
A. The combined force
B. The resultant force
C. The translation force
D. The movement force
11.
We
advocate that the teaching of the 3 classes
of levers (1st, 2nd, 3rd class) be stopped because
of the following:
A. The structural identification of a lever
system is too complicated to learn effectively
B. This structural identification is not taught
any more
C. Understanding how the musculo-skeletal system
produces force by leverage is not that important
D. There is no consistent functional truth to
this teaching relative to their mechanical advantage.
12.
Musculo-skeletal lever physics, such as Borelli
performed, combines physics of the lever applied
to actual anatomy. Borelli, the physics person,
needed help from Malpighi who was trained in
the following:
A. Medicine
B. Theoretical physics
C. Mechanical drawing
D. Philosophy
13.
Borelli
stated that people like Galen had thought the
body used long effort arms for effective human
movement but he found out this was not true.
Which of the following answers best characterizes
what Borelli is talking about:
A. The human body will typically use a fixed
effort arm that is longer then the fixed resistance
arm
B. The effective effort arm of the muscle is
typically shorter then the force of resistance’s
effective resistances arm.
C. Long effort arms are measured from the point
that muscles attach to the bone back to the
fulcrum or joint.
D. Long effort arms means that the point that
the muscle attaches to the bone is always farther
from the joint then the distance at which the
force of resistance is to the same joint
14.
While
muscles provide force for movement, what best
describes what joints and joint tissue provide
during movement.
A. The power to move objects
B. Attachment for muscles
C. Stability
D. Resistance to movement
15.
What is the name of the American Society of
Biomechanics highest award?
A. Borelli Award
B. da Vinci Award
C. Hayes Award
D. Archimedes Award
Last
Modified :
01/04/11
All concepts and diagrams, unless noted otherwise,
of human spinal development in gravitational
environment are under copyright registration
to John S. Scherger, D.C.. This information
may be shared with others for personal use,
however no document may be republished in any
form or embedded
in public databases without the permission of
Dr. Scherger.
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