* This is your Finals test for Course 153 - to be taken after you have registered and processed tuition.

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1.	Effective Momentum is best characterized by the following: A. Stand on two legs and walk B. Lift heavy objects with back and legs C. Jump effectively D. Stand on two legs push forward against a force
2.	Effective momentum is best characterized by the following: A. The spine is able to flex and extend B. The spine is able to bend over to lift weight C. The spine is able to move anterior against a force of resistance while its posture is moving into a position of greater stability D. The spine possesses many strong muscles.
3.	The resultant force is best characterized by the following: A. Combination of resistance force and the muscle force B. The combination of the muscle force plus the nerve force C. Entire force of the muscles involved in movement. D. Subtracting the amount of muscles force used in movement from the force of resistance.

4.	Forces acting on a joint to give the joint strength are best characterized as: A. Shear forces B. Compressive forces C. Combination of shear and compression forces D. None of the above
5.	The secret to the ability of human spine to perform a sit up is best characterized by the following: A. The force of the body weight plus the force of muscle effort creates compressive force at the vertebral joints. B. The shear force created by the weight of the body stabilizes the spine. C. Muscle force creates the strength to stabilize the body weight. D. The stronger the muscles the greater the strength at the joint
6.	A crane lifts with it boom pointed upward because when lifting object you want stability produced at the joint by the following: A. Compression forces B. Shear forces C. Shear forces only D. Mostly shear forces
7.	When performing a sit up in supine position with poor posture shear forces are directed in the following direction: A. Upward B. Downward C. Into discs D. Into muscles
8.	Leonardo da Vinci described the movement of the spine utilizing the following machinery. A. Levers B. Muscles C. Muscles and nerves D. Nerve force
9.	Who is looking for the missing link to understand when humans changed from C-shape spine to S-shaped spine? A. Creationists B. Medicine C. Orthopedic D. Evolutionists
10.	When designing a column to carry weight you would typically make it: A. Curved B. Straight C. Round D. Bent
11.	The upright curved spinal column provides for humans with 3 mechanical advantages, which of the following is not an advantage: A. A simple lever system that is easy to get and maintain through life B. Bipedal locomotion C. Effective momentum D. Muscles used for effective momentum in upright position are able to remain at rest
12.	To best produce bipedal locomotion the S-shaped spinal column centers its weight over the following: A. Hamstring muscles B. Abdominal muscles C. Knee joint D. Hip joints
13.	Which of the following best characterizes the upright neutral spine S-shaped spinal posture. A. It is a simple stable lever structure B. It is a complex unstable lever structure C. Humans easily maintain the S-shape posture into old age. D. Humans are born with S-shape posture
14.	In the neck which of the following does not characterize shear forces: A. They require extra joints B. They provide simple stability C. They cause dislocation of joints D. They require a more complicated structure
15.	Which of the following characterizes the human S-shape posture: A. Humans are born with it B. Humans all possess the proper S-shape spinal posture C. Humans are born with C-shape spinal posture D. Everyone understands the importance of the S-shape posture relative to human movement.

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